В одной из местных школ британского графства Дивон прошел необычный эксперимент, ученики под руководством своего учителя отправили в полет на метеозонде картофелину, наряженную Санта-Клаусом.
Как сообщает The Daily Telegraph, запуск самодельного космического корабля под названием Spudnik2 (гибрид слов spud - картошка и sputnik - названия серии советских искусственных спутников планеты), который дети смастерили из пластиковой бутылки и цветной бумаги, состоялся на автомобильной стоянке. К бутылке с картошкой была прикреплена камера и GPS-оборудование, чтобы дети могли знать, как проходит полет.
По словам директора школы Робина Смита, запуск картошки в космос был частью педагогического процесса. "Конечно, может показаться, что это довольно безумная идея, но когда ты говоришь детям, что вы вместе запустите в космос картофелину, интерес к проекту гарантирован", - отметил педагог.
Издание отмечает, что Spudnik2 поднялся на высоту около 27 километров. Полет космического корабля длился два часа и 20 минут. Бутылка с картошкой приземлилась в 220 километрах от места запуска, в Хэмпшире.
Хотите купить диплом колледжа – пожалуйста! Проблем с покупкой дипломов сейчас нет и, надеемся, в будущем он поможет занять свое достойное место в жизни!
Provenge for Prostate Cancer: The First FDA Approved Cancer Vaccine
prostate cancer cause is the second leading cause of cancer death in men, with over 27,000 deaths per year in the United States. We have become increasingly adept at diagnosing and treating localized prostate cancer. When the disease becomes advanced and metastatic, however, we can typically offer only hormonal treatments -- with all of their side effects -- to buy us limited time.
With the FDA approval of Provenge (sipuleucel-T), patients with advanced prostate cancer were given new hope of a unique drug that uses the body's own immune system to attack cancer cells. Perhaps more important, Provenge is the first therapeutic vaccine for any type of cancer. Provenge works by taking a patient's blood that has dendritic (immune system) cells and programming those cells to attack cancer cells once the patient is given the vaccine three days after the initial blood draw. This treatment is repeated every two weeks for a total of three treatments.
The drug was approved based on results of a phase III trial sponsored by Dendreon, the drug's maker. In the study, 512 patients with metastatic prostate cancer were selected at random to receive either the drug or placebo. Interestingly, the study showed no effect on disease progression. It did, however, show a modest four-month survival benefit in favor of Provenge. Side effects were relatively mild.
Taking a critical look at Provenge, however, we must question the significance of a four-month survival benefit. Unlike virtually every other prostate cancer treatment where the prostate-specific antigen, or PSA, is a marker for disease, this drug does not affect the PSA. If progression is not affected, then how is survival improved? Also, the survival benefit is essentially the same as one gets from using docetaxel -- a commonly used chemotherapy drug in advanced prostate cancer. This drug is a fraction of the cost of Provenge, which is well over $100,000 for the three infusions. There has and will continue to be considerable debate about who should pay for this therapy and if the costs justify its use.
Regardless of limited efficacy data and tremendous costs, Provenge has taken off. Supply for the drug was recently unable to keep up with demand. Not a day passes when a patient, colleague or potential stock investor doesn't ask my opinion about the drug. While the results for Provenge should be received with guarded optimism, the approval of the first targeted cancer vaccine has much wider and greater implications for the future treatment of all cancer patients.
With the FDA approval of Provenge (sipuleucel-T), patients with advanced prostate cancer were given new hope of a unique drug that uses the body's own immune system to attack cancer cells. Perhaps more important, Provenge is the first therapeutic vaccine for any type of cancer. Provenge works by taking a patient's blood that has dendritic (immune system) cells and programming those cells to attack cancer cells once the patient is given the vaccine three days after the initial blood draw. This treatment is repeated every two weeks for a total of three treatments.
The drug was approved based on results of a phase III trial sponsored by Dendreon, the drug's maker. In the study, 512 patients with metastatic prostate cancer were selected at random to receive either the drug or placebo. Interestingly, the study showed no effect on disease progression. It did, however, show a modest four-month survival benefit in favor of Provenge. Side effects were relatively mild.
Taking a critical look at Provenge, however, we must question the significance of a four-month survival benefit. Unlike virtually every other prostate cancer treatment where the prostate-specific antigen, or PSA, is a marker for disease, this drug does not affect the PSA. If progression is not affected, then how is survival improved? Also, the survival benefit is essentially the same as one gets from using docetaxel -- a commonly used chemotherapy drug in advanced prostate cancer. This drug is a fraction of the cost of Provenge, which is well over $100,000 for the three infusions. There has and will continue to be considerable debate about who should pay for this therapy and if the costs justify its use.
Regardless of limited efficacy data and tremendous costs, Provenge has taken off. Supply for the drug was recently unable to keep up with demand. Not a day passes when a patient, colleague or potential stock investor doesn't ask my opinion about the drug. While the results for Provenge should be received with guarded optimism, the approval of the first targeted cancer vaccine has much wider and greater implications for the future treatment of all cancer patients.
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